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Heuristics

XYZ Coordinate System

Visualize an abstract idea by representing three dimensions on separate axes. For example, foreign-policy topics can serve as dimensions in a mental model.

THE IDEA

XYZ Coordinate System

To visualize an abstract idea, draw a three-dimensional coordinate system and assign one dimension of the idea to each axis. For example, choose three aspects of foreign policy and label the axes with them. This gives you a visual structure for the mental model.

When to use it

  • Mapping the three pillars of sustainability (economic, social, environmental) to evaluate project impacts.

  • Visualizing the project management triangle (scope, time, cost) to identify trade-offs.

  • Analyzing a company's strategic priorities by assigning axes to internal, customer, and financial perspectives.

  • Representing a psychological model with three interacting factors (e.g., cognition, emotion, behavior).

FROM THEORY TO EVERYDAY LIFE

In practice

01

Foreign Policy Branches

Map three aspects of foreign policy, such as diplomacy, defense, and economic policy, onto separate axes to visualize their interplay and relative emphasis.

02

Triple Bottom Line

Represent a company's performance on three axes: social, environmental, and financial. Plot points to see how decisions affect all three dimensions.

✳

A MOMENT TO REFLECT

Put it to work.

  1. What abstract concept could you represent using a three-dimensional coordinate system? How would choosing different axes change your understanding?

  2. Can you think of a situation where a two-axis system (like a simple graph) is insufficient and a third axis reveals new insights?

  3. How might adding more than three axes (e.g., using a radar chart) be more appropriate than the XYZ system?

CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION

Source texts

  • Thinking in Systems and Mental Models Think Like a Super Thinker (Dawson, Marcus P)
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