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Decision Frameworks

Overcome Short-Term Emotion

The 10/10/10 framework asks how a decision will feel after ten minutes, ten months, and ten years. Along with an observer’s perspective, it helps make longer-term priorities visible when an immediate emotion dominates.

THE IDEA

Overcome Short-Term Emotion

  1. Fleeting emotions tempt us to make decisions that are bad in the long term.

• Car salesmen are trained to prey on customers’ emotions to close a deal quickly.

  1. To overcome distracting short-term emotions, we need to attain some distance.

• Millionaire teacher Andrew Hallam avoided car lots so he could stick to his criteria.

  1. 10/10/10 asks how we will feel after ten minutes, ten months, and ten years, giving future emotions attention alongside present ones.

• A 10/10/10 analysis tipped Annie toward saying “I love you” first to Karl.

  1. Our decisions are often altered by two subtle short-term emotions: (1) mere exposure: we like what’s familiar to us; and (2) loss aversion: losses are more painful than gains are pleasant.

• How many of our organizational truths are ideas that we like merely because they’ve been repeated a lot?

• Students given a mug won’t sell it for less than $7.12, even though five minutes earlier they wouldn’t have paid more than $2.87!

  1. Loss aversion + mere exposure = status-quo bias.

• PayPal: Ditching the PalmPilot product was a no-brainer—but it didn’t feel that way.

  1. We can attain distance by looking at our situation from an observer’s perspective.

• Andy Grove asked, “What would our successors do?”

• Adding distance highlights what is most important; it allows us to see the forest, not the trees.

  1. Perhaps the most powerful question for resolving personal decisions is “What would I tell my best friend to do in this situation?”

When to use it

  • Buying a car: Instead of making an impulsive purchase due to a salesperson’s pitch, take a step back and apply 10/10/10 to consider how you’ll feel about the car in 10 minutes, 10 months, and 10 years.

  • Making a relationship decision: Use 10/10/10 to evaluate the long-term emotional impact of saying “I love you” or ending a relationship.

  • Business strategy: When a company considers dropping a product line (like PayPal’s PalmPilot), ask “What would our successors do?” to overcome status-quo bias and gain perspective.

  • Personal finance: Avoid the mere exposure effect by consciously evaluating investments based on long-term criteria rather than familiarity.

FROM THEORY TO EVERYDAY LIFE

In practice

01

Car Salesman Manipulation

Car salesmen are trained to prey on customers’ emotions to close a deal quickly, leading to poor long-term decisions.

02

Andrew Hallam’s Car Purchase

Millionaire teacher Andrew Hallam avoided car lots so he could stick to his purchasing criteria.

03

Annie’s 10/10/10 Analysis

A 10/10/10 analysis tipped Annie toward saying “I love you” first to Karl. Considering how she might feel later helped her weigh her immediate hesitation.

04

Mug Experiment (Loss Aversion)

In a study, students given a mug wouldn’t sell it for less than $7.12, even though five minutes earlier they wouldn’t have paid more than $2.87—illustrating loss aversion.

05

PayPal’s PalmPilot Decision

Ditching the PalmPilot product was a no-brainer but didn’t feel that way due to status-quo bias (loss aversion + mere exposure).

06

Andy Grove’s Successor Question

Andy Grove asked, “What would our successors do?” to gain an observer’s perspective and overcome short-term emotions.

✳

A MOMENT TO REFLECT

Put it to work.

  1. Think of a recent decision where you acted on a fleeting emotion. How would the outcome have changed if you had used 10/10/10?

  2. What organizational truths do you accept merely because they are familiar? How might mere exposure be influencing your decisions?

  3. Consider a personal dilemma you’re facing. What would you tell your best friend to do in that situation?

Connected ideas

Another lens can bring the same problem into focus.

CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION

Source texts

  • Decisive How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work (Chip Heath)
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