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Decision Frameworks

Nine Attitudes for Strategic Mastery

Miyamoto Musashi argues that training is never complete and outlines nine essential attitudes for the warrior's path, including honest self-reflection, continuous training, and perceiving the unseen. These principles aim to free the spirit from negative thoughts and develop mastery through constant study and self-control.

THE IDEA

ENDNOTES TO THE BOOK OF EARTH

It must be understood that training is never completed. When the warrior thinks that training is over he will find that the “spirit of the thing itself ” he has been studying will elude him and fail to provide him with any future revelations. He must never stop training. In this way the spirit of the warrior will continue to grow.

The Way of the warrior is a Way of life and can never be construed as a hobby unless you are seeking only to impress others with your technique. You must never stop studying the written passages of masters relating to the art you have chosen to practice. Nor should you stop studying other arts that the warrior studies to broaden his horizons. The heart is essential in helping the intellect to understand the spirit.

If you do not have a map in unfamiliar terrain, how can you hope to get to where you want to go without difficulty? Even if you have directions, you may still have to negotiate roadblocks along the way. Likewise, if you do not set your mind and heart on the required principles, how can you ever hope to understand what it is you are trying to accomplish?

It is important for the warrior to constantly meditate upon these things:

  1. Think honestly within yourself in your dealings with all men.

  2. Constant training is the only Way to learn strategy.

  3. Become familiar with every art you come across.

  4. Understand the Way of other disciplines.

  5. Know the difference between right and wrong in the matters of men.

  6. Strive for inner judgment and an understanding of everything.

  7. See that which cannot be seen.

  8. Overlook nothing, regardless of its insignificance.

  9. Do not waste time idling or thinking after you have set your goals.

The nine basic attitudes I have listed are essential for freeing your spirit from negative thoughts that would interfere with your journey. They must be thought about constantly; you must take them into your heart. Once you have accepted the need to study these attitudes, you can proceed with deliberateness, diligence and comfort. You will be able to beat many men just by looking them in the eye. They will realize that you are a formidable opponent and will not have the heart to attack.

Remember timing. Do not forget harmony with the Universe and self. Remember that continuous study is essential for approaching perfection in a chosen art. Although some people may appear to be “there” they too must continually deal with change—based on the rise and fall of timing and rhythm. However, through devotion to the Way of your art you can remove yourself from the general mass of people and be able to concentrate more effectively on your chosen Way. It is also essential to remember the need to function in society, good or bad, and that in order for your Way to be successful, you must interact with society. If you wish to control others you must first control yourself. That is why it is necessary to study continuously. This is the essence of my strategy.

So ends the Book of Earth.

Figure from the source book

In the Book of Water the entire strategy of my two-sword school is revealed. You should think each thing through completely and not simply gloss over the words. It is important to understand what you are reading and studying. Should you approach a concept that you do not understand it would be foolish, if you are making the warrior way your life style, to continue on. When I say that language is limited in certain respects it should be understood that while information may be evident, knowledge is not necessarily obvious. There are “hidden” meanings—not to be confused with non-understandable things—that must be thought through constantly until you reach an understanding. When you reread this book you will see another level of understanding come to light. In fact, each time you pick the book up to study it again, you will interpret the teachings differently. This does not mean that your previous understanding was wrong. It simply means that you are proceeding to ask the “spirit of the thing” to reveal itself on a higher level.

While it appears that the rules of strategy are explained here in terms of single combat fights, you should also think on a larger plane to understand battles involving many men. There is no limit to a man’s ability once he understands the strategic principles of an art, for they will also be useful when applied to other situations.

It is important for you to make sure you understand what you are reading. When you study strategy and grasp meanings even slightly incorrectly you will eventually be far off course. When you understand what I am telling you, apply what you have learned to your everyday life.

Imitation is the surest form of flattery and failure. I am not interested with your talk about my ideas. I am more interested in your applying them to your life. If you do not, then you are essentially not in accord with your own mind. This does not apply to those of you who read merely for enjoyment, but only to those who strive to be warriors. Study so as to absorb my teachings into your heart.

Figure from the source book

When to use it

  • A project manager applies the nine attitudes to foster discipline and continuous improvement within their team, ensuring that even after successful projects, the team continues to refine processes.

  • A lifelong learner uses the principle of understanding the Way of other disciplines to gain insights from fields unrelated to their own, leading to innovative solutions.

  • A leader exercises self-control as a prerequisite for influencing others effectively, as emphasized in the text.

  • An athlete or performer integrates the concept of timing and harmony with the universe to optimize peak performance and adapt to changing conditions.

FROM THEORY TO EVERYDAY LIFE

In practice

01

Applying the Nine Attitudes to Martial Arts Training

A karate student who has earned a black belt continues to practice basic stances and kata daily, recognizing that mastery requires ongoing refinement. He also studies other martial arts like judo to broaden his understanding, embodying the attitude of becoming familiar with every art.

02

Using the Principles in Business Leadership

A CEO practices honest self-reflection before making major decisions, seeks to understand diverse business disciplines, and maintains a long-term vision while attending to small details. This mindset helps the company adapt to market changes and maintain a strategic advantage.

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A MOMENT TO REFLECT

Put it to work.

  1. Which of the nine attitudes do you find most difficult to practice consistently, and what steps can you take to integrate it into your daily routine?

  2. How does the concept of 'see that which cannot be seen' apply to a challenge you currently face?

  3. In what areas of your life might you be imitating rather than truly understanding the underlying principles?

Connected ideas

Another lens can bring the same problem into focus.

Often confused with

References

  1. The Book of Five Rings — Miyamoto Musashi (1645)

CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION

Source texts

  • Musashis book of five rings the definitive interpretation of Miyamoto Musashis classic book of strategy (Kaufman, SteveMiyamoto, Musashi)
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