Skip to main content
Cognitive Biases

Disliking/Hating Tendency

The source describes how dislike can lead people to overlook virtues, condemn unrelated people by association and distort facts. Its family and political anecdotes illustrate how hostility can shape judgment and obstruct mediation.

THE IDEA

Disliking/Hating Tendency

If you hate a person, then you’re defeated by them.

—Confucius

In a pattern obverse to Liking/Loving Tendency, the newly arrived human is also “born to dislike and hate” as triggered by normal and abnormal triggering forces in its life. It is the same with most apes and monkeys.

As a result, the long history of man contains almost continuous war. For instance, most American Indian tribes warred incessantly, and some tribes would occasionally bring captives home to women so that all could join in the fun of torturing captives to death. Even with the spread of religion, and the advent of advanced civilization, much modern war remains pretty savage. But we also get what we observe in present-day Switzerland and the United States, wherein the clever political arrangements of man “channel” the hatreds and dislikings of individuals and groups into nonlethal patterns including elections.

But the dislikings and hatreds never go away completely. Born into man, these driving tendencies remain strong. Thus, we get maxims like the one from England: “Politics is the art of marshalling hatreds.” And we also get the extreme popularity of very negative political advertising in the United States.

At the family level, we often see one sibling hate his other siblings and litigate with them endlessly if he can afford it. Indeed, Warren Buffett has repeatedly explained to me that “a major difference between rich and poor people is that the rich people can spend their lives suing their relatives.” My father’s law practice in Omaha was full of such intrafamily hatreds. And when I got to the Harvard Law School and its professors taught me “property law” with no mention of sibling rivalry in the family business, I appraised the School as a pretty unrealistic place that wore “blinders” like the milk-wagon horses of yore. My current guess is that sibling rivalry has not yet made it into property law as taught at Harvard.

Disliking/Hating Tendency also acts as a conditioning device that makes the disliker/hater tend to:

    1. ignore virtues in the object of dislike,
    1. dislike people, products, and actions merely associated with the object of his dislike, and
    1. distort other facts to facilitate hatred.

Distortion of that kind is often so extreme that miscognition is shockingly large. When the world Trade Center was destroyed, many Muslims immediately concluded that the Hindus did it, while many Arabs concluded that the Jews did it. Such factual distortions often make mediation between opponents locked in hatred either difficult or impossible. Mediations between Israelis and Palestinians are difficult because facts in one side’s history overlap very little with facts from the other side’s.

When to use it

  • A mediator in a family business dispute helps siblings recognize how their hatred distorts perceptions of fairness and damages shared interests.

  • A political campaign strategist uses negative advertising to mobilize voter turnout, but risks deepening societal divisions and backlash.

  • An individual trying to resolve a personal grudge examines whether they are unfairly linking unrelated people or products to the person they hate.

  • International negotiators create fact-finding commissions to establish a shared historical record, reducing distortions that fuel ethnic hatred.

FROM THEORY TO EVERYDAY LIFE

In practice

01

Channeling Hatred into Elections

The source presents elections in Switzerland and the United States as an example of political arrangements redirecting hostility into nonlethal competition. That is an argument about one function of institutions, not a guarantee that elections prevent violence.

02

Sibling Litigation

Sibling hatred often leads to endless litigation, especially among the rich who can afford it. Warren Buffett noted that a major difference between rich and poor is the ability to sue relatives.

03

Post-9/11 Misattribution

The source alleges that some reactions to the World Trade Center attacks blamed groups already disliked by the people making the accusations. The example illustrates accusation driven by hostility; the excerpt does not supply evidence for its broad claims about how many people held those beliefs.

✳

A MOMENT TO REFLECT

Put it to work.

  1. Think of a person or group you strongly dislike. Are you ignoring their positive traits, attributing negative characteristics to those associated with them, or distorting facts?

  2. Consider a long-standing conflict you are aware of. How might mutual hatred be causing each side to see different 'facts'? What would it take to bridge that gap?

  3. Can political systems truly channel hatred constructively, or do they simply redirect its expression? What are the consequences?

Connected ideas

Another lens can bring the same problem into focus.

Often confused with

CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION

Source texts

  • Wisdom Theory 100 Mental Models (2020) (Wisdom Theory)
← More cognitive biases