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ONE OF SEVEN WAYS OF SEEING

Decision Frameworks

Bring structure to complex choices and trade-offs.

424 ideas to exploreArranged from A to Z

WRAP Decision Framework

A four-step process for making better decisions by widening options, reality-testing assumptions, attaining distance before deciding, and preparing to be wrong. The approach helps avoid narrow framing and emotional bias.

psychology · decision-making↗

WRAP Decision Model

The WRAP model provides a structured process to counteract decision-making biases by widening options, reality-testing assumptions, attaining distance before deciding, and preparing to be wrong. It guides individuals to explore alternatives, gather evidence, gain perspective, and set safeguards for decisions.

decision science · business↗

WRAP Decision Process

The WRAP process asks you to widen your options, reality-test assumptions, attain distance before deciding, and prepare to be wrong. Matt D’Arrigo’s ARTS story shows these steps through a broader set of options, a small partnership test, and a deadline for a plan.

business · education↗

WRAP Process (Overcoming Obstacles)

A decision-making framework involving four steps—Widen options, Reality-test assumptions, Attain distance, and Prepare to be wrong—along with practical advice for common roadblocks such as fear, overanalysis, and narrow framing.

decision science · business↗